International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Medicinal Plants

Pharmacological Assessment of Medicinal Flora with Antidiarrheal Properties: Integrating Traditional Wisdom and Contemporary Therapeutics

Wed, 31 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0530

Diarrheal illness continues to be a predominant cause of morbidity and death, especially in children under five years of age in tropical and developing areas. Notwithstanding worldwide initiatives like the WHO Diarrheal Disease Control Program, the prevalence of diarrheal diseases endures due to inadequate sanitation, contaminated drinking water, and restricted access to contemporary healthcare. Traditional medicine remains essential in the management of diarrhea, with herbal medicines serving as the foundation of treatment in several communities. This article examines the pathophysiology of diarrhea and emphasizes the pharmacological potential of medicinal plants utilized as antidiarrheal medicines. The syndrome results from disruptions in the absorption of intestinal water and electrolytes, causing accelerated stool transit and dehydration. While oral rehydration treatments effectively address dehydration, they do not diminish stool volume or frequency, requiring further therapeutic measures. Various plant species, including Annona muricata, Alchornea cordifolia, Kigelia africana, Punica granatum, and Ruta chalepensis, have exhibited considerable antidiarrheal efficacy in diverse animal models via mechanisms such as antisecretory, antimotility, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial actions. Phytochemicals such as apigenin, friedelin, and 1,8-cineole are responsible for these actions. Nonetheless, several conventional therapies remain insufficiently investigated scientifically, exhibiting little clinical validity. This highlights the necessity for comprehensive phytochemical characterization, standardization, and clinical trials to guarantee effectiveness and safety. Utilizing these conventional herbal resources might facilitate the creation of economical, accessible, and safer antidiarrheal treatments, especially in resource-constrained environments.

MEDICINAL PLANTS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF KIDNEY, URINARY AND GALLSTONE (RENAL STONE AND HERBAL TREATMENT): A REVIEW

Rambir Singh — Sat, 27 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0530

A kidney stone is a hard/solid mass made of crystalline mineral material (usually calcium oxalate). Within the kidney or urinary tract. Usually originate within the kidney or urinary tract. The medical term for kidney stones is Nephrolithiasis, urolithiasis, or urinary stones. The leading cause of kidney stones is a lack of water in the body. Stones are more commonly found in individuals who drink less than the recommended eight to ten glasses of water a day. When there is not enough water to dilute the uric acid, a component of urine, the urine becomes more acidic. An excessively acidic environment in urine can lead to the formation of kidney stones. In this review article, we included causes, symptoms, risk factors of kidney stone and some medicinal plants and their products used as antiurolithiatic activity or herbal treatment etc. so it will be helpful for the patient of nephrolithiasis, urolithiasis, or urinary stones disease.

Comparison of Different Superdisintegrants In Designing of Mouth Dissolving Tablets of Domperidone

Gurpreet Singh, Rajesh Sharma, Praveen Kumar Goyal — Wed, 31 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0530

This research involves preparation of mouth dissolving tablets of of Domperidone by direct compression method using various concentrations of superdisintegrants sodium starch glycolate, croscarmellose and crospovidone (D1 – D9). The tablets were evaluated for parameters like thickness, hardness, friability, In vitro & In vivo disintegration time, wetting time, water absorption ratio, % drug content and In vitro drug release studies. Based on the results, formulation containing 6% superdisintegrants in combination (CCS, CP & SSG) (D-2) was identified as ideal and better formulation among all formulations developed for Domperidone Maleate tablets. In vitro release of optimized formulation of Domperidone Maleate Mouth dissolving tablets of D-2 was found to be 99.43% drug release within 10minutes and in-vitro disintegration time being ranges between 40 and 42sec. The final optimized formulation (D-2) was compared with marketed product of Domperidone Maleate tablets (DOMSTAL-MT) which shows 94.22% drug release in 10 minutes. It means the prepared formulation show quite satisfactory release with compared to Marketed Product.

Recent Advances in Evaluation of Alcoholism in Rodents - A Review

Jayshree V. Patil, Dr. Shilpa A. Deshpande, Jayshree Aate — Wed, 31 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0530

Rodent models remain central to mechanistic studies of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Over the last decade major methodological advances -refinements of voluntary intake paradigms (intermittent access two-bottle choice, drinking-in-the-dark), dependence induction (chronic intermittent ethanol vapor and newer voluntary vapor paradigms), and operant self-administration — have improved face and construct validity. Parallel technological progress (optogenetics, chemo genetics/DREADDs, fibre photometry, in vivo calcium imaging, and single-cell transcriptomics) now allows circuit- and cell-type-specific evaluation of alcohol drinking, withdrawal, and relapse-like behaviours. Emerging evidence also highlights the role of neuroimmune signalling and the gut microbiome in modulating alcohol intake and related behaviours, opening new biomarker and interventional avenues. This review synthesizes recent methodological and conceptual advances and discusses limitations and translational considerations.

Bulimia Nervosa: From Fitspiration To Thinspiration - A Review

Rathi Shikha , Kharb Manju — Wed, 31 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0530

Fitspiration is to promote health and fitness whereas thinspiration is to promote thinness by any way but both of these terms are totally different. Bulimia nervosa is a psychiatric condition affecting many adolescent and young adult women that usually promote thinspiration. Self-induced purging is the commonest method for compensation of calories in patients having eating disorders. Medical complications associated to bulimia nervosa are direct result of mode and frequency of purging behaviour, that comes in clinical attention in many ways. RDs provide nutritional counselling, recognize the clinical symptoms and assist with diet monitoring with combination of psychotherapy. Other side of Eds highlight the poor education about these disorders and the negative attitude towards body and mind. Eds might affect other social, cultural and biological ones in many ways. Main purpose of this article is to understand the complexities of eating disorders (Eds) in detail about its types, causes, signs and symptoms and treatment of bulimia nervosa. Patients with BN develop a refusal in ingestion of food, maintaining a distorted self-perception of their body, considering themselves as overweighed. Patients generally refuse the seriousness of their condition.

Evaluation of In-Vivo Analgesic and Antipyretic Potential of Indigofera tinctoria in Albino Wistar Rats

Dr Praveen Kumar Goyal, Dr Gurpreet Singh — Wed, 31 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0530

Objective: The leaves of the Indigofera tinctoria plant has not been studied for its potential antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, or analgesic effects. Thus, the purpose of the current research is to support the traditional usage of this plant by scientifically evaluating these aforementioned actions of the plant I tinctoria on experimental animals

Methods: Fever was induced by injecting 10ml/Kg (subcutaneous) of 0.5(w/v) suspension of brewer’s yeast in Carboxy methylcellulose below the nape of the neck. Analgesic activity in rats determined by hot-plate method.

Results: The initial and final rectal temperatures (°C) in the group treated with ethanol extract (200 mg/kg body weight) and ethanol extract (400 mg/kg body weight) were found to be 37.75±0.04 and 37.70±0.07 respectively, compared to 37.64±0.12 in paracetamol (reference drug) treated group. For analgesic potential the result shows that the latency period of ethanolic leaves extract 200 and 400 mg/kg was significantly good when compared to control (p<0.001).Conclusion: The result of the present preliminary study confirmed the antipyretic and analgesic activity of I tinctoria in rats. However, further investigation is required to separate the active fraction(s)/constituent(s) responsible for the activity and to ascertain the mechanism(s) of action.