Phytochemical screening and evaluation of the anti-venom effect of leaves extracts of Vitex negundo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61280/tjpls.v11i1.154Keywords:
Phytochemical, Vitex negundo, Antivenom Activity, Phospholipase, D. russelli venomAbstract
The number of snake envenomation cases is estimated to be more than 5 million per year. Out of these cases, approximately 1,00,000 individuals experience severe complications. The objective of the current research is to investigate the effectiveness of local plant extracts from the western ghats of India in countering snake venom. The medicinal plant Vitex negundo has been traditionally used by healers in India to treat snakebite victims. Prior to injection, extract from the Vitex negundo plant was incubated at 37°C for 30 minutes. The study revealed that doses ranging from 0.15-0.17 mg of Vitex negundo extracts completely neutralized the lethal effects of V. russelli venom, while doses of 0.16-0.19 mg neutralized the lethal effects of Najanaja venom. In rats, the minimum edematic dose of the venom was found to be 4μg. Notably, significant inflammation was observed 1 hour after venom injection, with maximum inflammation occurring at 180 minutes. Furthermore, plant extracts administered at doses of 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg, and 400mg/kg exhibited significant activity compared to the control group. The minimum percentage inhibition was 29.13% and 27.1% at 100mg/kg, 58.18% and 57.21% at 240 minutes for 400mg/kg, and 60.89% for Vitex negundo with standard polyvalent antivenom. against V. Russelli and Najanaja venom, respectively.
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