<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xml:lang="en" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="ojs">tjpls</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title xml:lang="en">Trop. j. pharm. life sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Jadoun Science Publishing Group India</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>
          <country>IN</country>
          <uri>https://jadounscience.com</uri>
        </publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2349-9818</issn>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://informativejournals.com/journal/index.php/tjpls"/>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">324</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group xml:lang="en" subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Impact of Structured Diabetes Management and Knowledge Reinforcement on Clinical Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients with Type 2 Diabetes</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="author">
        <contrib corresp="yes">
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="western" specific-use="primary">
              <given-names>Kaleem Ahmed Khan</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>kaleemahmedkhan22@gmail.com</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
          <bio xml:lang="en">
            <p>Research Scholar</p>
          </bio>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="western" specific-use="primary">
              <given-names>Rakesh Kumar Jat</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>rakeshjat75@yahoo.co.in</email>
          <bio xml:lang="en">
            <p>Research Guide</p>
          </bio>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff-1">
        <institution content-type="orgname">Department of Pharmacy, Shri J.J.T. University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India</institution>
      </aff>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="epub">
        <day>13</day>
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <fpage>01</fpage>
      <lpage>07</lpage>
      <pub-history>
        <event event-type="received">
          <event-desc>Received: <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-10-13T00:42:59+00:00"><day>13</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></date></event-desc>
        </event>
      </pub-history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Copyright (c) 2026 Kaleem Ahmed Khan, Rakesh Kumar Jat</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder>Kaleem Ahmed Khan, Rakesh Kumar Jat</copyright-holder>
        <license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0">
          <license-p>&lt;a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"&gt;&lt;img alt="Creative Commons License" src="//i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc/4.0/88x31.png" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;p&gt;This work is licensed under a &lt;a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"&gt;Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://informativejournals.com/journal/index.php/tjpls/article/view/324"/>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Diabetes Education</kwd>
        <kwd>COVID-19 Outcomes</kwd>
        <kwd>Glycemic Variability</kwd>
        <kwd>Telemedicine</kwd>
        <kwd>Elderly Diabetes</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <page-count count="7"/>
      </counts>
      <custom-meta-group/>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body/>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <ref id="R1">
        <mixed-citation>1. Bornstein SR, Rubino F, Khunti K, et al. Practical recommendations for the management of diabetes in patients with COVID-19. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020;8(6):546-550. doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(20)30152-2</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R2">
        <mixed-citation>2. Zhu L, She ZG, Cheng X, et al. Association of blood glucose control and outcomes in patients with COVID-19 and pre-existing type 2 diabetes. Cell Metab. 2020;31(6):1068-1077.e3. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2020.04.021</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R3">
        <mixed-citation>3. Lim S, Bae JH, Kwon HS, Nauck MA. COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: from pathophysiology to clinical management. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2021;17(1):11-30. doi:10.1038/s41574-020-00435-4</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R4">
        <mixed-citation>4. Apicella M, Campopiano MC, Mantuano M, et al. COVID-19 in people with diabetes: understanding the reasons for worse outcomes. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020;8(9):782-792. doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(20)30238-2</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R5">
        <mixed-citation>5. Ceriello A, Standl E, Catrinoiu D, et al. Issues of diabetes management in people with diabetes and COVID-19 in ICU settings. Diabetes Care. 2020;43(7):1529-1534. doi:10.2337/dc20-1247</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R6">
        <mixed-citation>6. Gianchandani R, Esfandiari NH, Ang L, et al. Managing hyperglycemia in the COVID-19 inflammatory storm. Diabetes. 2020;69(10):2048-2053. doi:10.2337/dbi20-0022</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R7">
        <mixed-citation>7. Klonoff DC, Umpierrez GE. COVID-19 in patients with diabetes: risk factors that increase morbidity. Metabolism. 2020;108:154224. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154224</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8">
        <mixed-citation>8. Khunti K, Del Prato S, Mathieu C, et al. COVID-19, hyperglycemia, and new-onset diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2021;44(12):2645-2655. doi:10.2337/dc21-1318</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R9">
        <mixed-citation>9. Holman N, Knighton P, Kar P, et al. Risk factors for COVID-19-related mortality in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020;8(10):823-833. doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(20)30271-0</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R10">
        <mixed-citation>10. Cariou B, Hadjadj S, Wargny M, et al. Phenotypic characteristics and prognosis of inpatients with COVID-19 and diabetes. Diabetologia. 2020;63(8):1500-1515. doi:10.1007/s00125-020-05180-x</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R11">
        <mixed-citation>11. Wargny M, Potier L, Gourdy P, et al. Predictors of hospital discharge and mortality in patients with diabetes and COVID-19. Diabetologia. 2021;64(1):1-12. doi:10.1007/s00125-020-05328-8</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R12">
        <mixed-citation>12. Maddaloni E, Buzzetti R. COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: unveiling the interaction of two pandemics. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2020;36(7):e3321. doi:10.1002/dmrr.3321</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R13">
        <mixed-citation>13. Pal R, Bhadada SK. COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: an unholy interaction of two pandemics. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020;14(4):513-517. doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.049</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R14">
        <mixed-citation>14. Drucker DJ. Diabetes, obesity, metabolism, and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Diabetes Care. 2021;44(1):55-65. doi:10.2337/dc20-2155</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R15">
        <mixed-citation>15. Misra A, Ghosh A, Gupta R. Heterogeneity in presentation of COVID-19 in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020;14(4):453-457. doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.017</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R16">
        <mixed-citation>16. Ghosh A, Gupta R, Misra A. Telemedicine for diabetes care in India during COVID-19 pandemic. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020;14(5):933-936. doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2020.06.039</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R17">
        <mixed-citation>17. Umpierrez GE, Klonoff DC. Diabetes technology in the inpatient setting during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2020;14(4):795-797. doi:10.1177/1932296820935175</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R18">
        <mixed-citation>18. Rayman G, Lumb A, Kennon B, et al. Guidance on inpatient diabetes care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Diabet Med. 2020;37(7):1087-1089. doi:10.1111/dme.14370</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R19">
        <mixed-citation>19. Barron E, Bakhai C, Kar P, et al. Associations of type 1 and type 2 diabetes with COVID-19-related mortality in England. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020;8(10):813-822. doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(20)30272-2</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R20">
        <mixed-citation>20. Sathish T, Kapoor N, Cao Y, et al. Proportion of newly diagnosed diabetes in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2021;23(3):870-874. doi:10.1111/dom.14269</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R21">
        <mixed-citation>21. Stefan N, Birkenfeld AL, Schulze MB, Ludwig DS. Obesity and impaired metabolic health in patients with COVID-19. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2020;16(7):341-342. doi:10.1038/s41574-020-0364-6</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R22">
        <mixed-citation>22. Pal R, Banerjee M, Yadav U, Bhattacharjee S. Clinical profile and outcomes in COVID-19 patients with diabetic ketoacidosis. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020;14(6):1563-1569. doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2020.08.015</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R23">
        <mixed-citation>23. Cuschieri S, Grech S. COVID-19 and diabetes: the why, the what and the how. J Diabetes Complications. 2020;34(9):107637. doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107637</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R24">
        <mixed-citation>24. Fisher L, Polonsky W, Hessler D. The importance of patient education and self-management in diabetes outcomes. Diabetes Care. 2017;40(1):104-112. doi:10.2337/dc16-0706</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R25">
        <mixed-citation>25. Powers MA, Bardsley J, Cypress M, et al. Diabetes self-management education and support in adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2020;43(7):1636-1649. doi:10.2337/dci20-0023</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
</article>
