PHLORIZIN- NATURAL SGLT- INHIBITION AND BEYOND EXPLORING ITS MULTIFACETED HEALTH BENEFITS

Rhokhu Jidoji; Ranjan Kumar Singh

doi:10.61280/journalmedicinalplants.v2i2.265

Rhokhu Jidoji Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mewar University, Gangrar, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, India-312901
Ranjan Kumar Singh Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mewar University, Gangrar, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, India-312901

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61280/journalmedicinalplants.v2i2.265

Keywords:

Phlorizin, SGLT-2 Inhibitor, Pharmacological uses

Abstract

Phlorizin is a naturally occurring dihydrochalcone glycoside predominantly found in the bark, roots, and leaves of apple trees. It is historically significant as the first identified natural inhibitor of sodium-glucose co-transporters (SGLTs), specifically SGLT1 and SGLT2, which are responsible for glucose absorption in the intestine and reabsorption in the kidneys. The discovery of phlorizin played a crucial role in advancing the understanding of glucose transport mechanisms and served as a foundation for the development of modern antidiabetic drugs, particularly SGLT2 inhibitors used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In addition to its antihyperglycemic activity, phlorizin demonstrates a wide range of biological and therapeutic properties. These include antioxidant effects that help reduce oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory actions that mitigate chronic inflammation, and cardioprotective benefits that support heart health. Furthermore, it has shown nephroprotective effects by protecting kidney function and anti-obesity potential through modulation of metabolic processes. Despite its promising pharmacological profile, the direct clinical application of phlorizin is limited due to its poor oral bioavailability, rapid degradation in the gastrointestinal tract, and associated gastrointestinal side effects. These limitations have restricted its use as a therapeutic agent in its natural form. However, the structural modification of phlorizin has led to the development of more stable and effective derivatives, such as selective SGLT2 inhibitors, which are now widely used in clinical practice for diabetes management and have demonstrated additional benefits in cardiovascular and renal diseases. In conclusion, phlorizin remains a compound of great scientific importance due to its role in drug discovery and its diverse biological activities. Ongoing research continues to explore its mechanisms of action, improve its pharmacokinetic properties, and expand its therapeutic potential. Future advancements may enable the development of more efficient phlorizin-based compounds with enhanced clinical applicability and broader health benefits.

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Author Biographies

Rhokhu Jidoji, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mewar University, Gangrar, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, India-312901

Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Ranjan Kumar Singh, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mewar University, Gangrar, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, India-312901

Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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