Phytochemical Profiling, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities Of Phyllanthus Niruri Leaf Extracts
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Munfarid
Alwar Pharmacy College, Alwar (Rajasthan), India
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Nitin Jumnani
Alwar Pharmacy College, Alwar, Rajasthan, India
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Amit Vashistha
Alwar Pharmacy College, Alwar, Rajasthan, India
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Praveen Goyal
Alwar Pharmacy College, Alwar, Rajasthan, India
Keywords:
Phyllanthus niruri, Antioxidant, DPPH,, Phytochemicals, TLC, MICAbstract
Background: Phyllanthus niruri is a well-known medicinal plant in traditional medicine systems. This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacognostic, phytochemical, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties of P. niruri leaf extracts.
Methods: Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH radical scavenging assay. Antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract and its fractions (chloroform, acetone soluble, acetone insoluble) was tested against five bacterial strains using disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays.
Results: Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, and saponins. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were 7.12 mg GAE/100mg and 16.7 mg QE/g, respectively. TLC showed major spots at Rf 0.71 and 0.77. The ethanol extract exhibited good antioxidant activity (IC50 = 8.05 ± 0.2 µg/mL). The chloroform soluble fraction (CSF) demonstrated the strongest antibacterial activity, with maximum zones of inhibition against E. coli (28.65 mm) and S. aureus (23.52 mm). The lowest MIC values were observed for CSF against E. coli (204.6 µg/mL).
Conclusion: P. niruri leaf ethanol extract is a rich source of phenolic and flavonoid compounds with significant antioxidant and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity.
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