Phytopharmacological Approaches for Urinary Tract Infections: Bioactive Compounds & Mechanisms
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Sree Mahalakshmi Pasumarthy
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Pharmacology, Narayana Pharmacy College, Nellore, A.P, India
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Ch. Muni Lakshmi
Narayana Pharmacy College, Nellore, A.P, India
Keywords:
Urinary tract infection, Medicinal plants, Phytoconstituents, Herbal therapeutics, Uropathogens, Anti-microbial, Anti-inflammatory, Anti-oxidantAbstract
Urinary tract disorders (UTDs), including urinary tract infections, kidney stones, dysuria, and bladder inflammation, are common health problems affecting millions of people worldwide. Traditional medicinal systems have long utilized plant-based remedies to manage these conditions. Ethno pharmacology explores the relationship between indigenous knowledge, medicinal plants, and their pharmacological effects in treating diseases. Numerous medicinal plants such as Azadirachta indica, Tribulus terrestris, Boerhavia diffusa, Phyllanthus niruri, and Crataeva nurvala have been traditionally used for their diuretic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and lithotriptic properties. These plants contain bioactive compounds including flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and phenolic compounds that contribute to their therapeutic effects on the urinary system. Scientific investigations have increasingly validated many of these traditional claims through phytochemical and pharmacological studies. However, in order to fully incorporate ethno pharmacological knowledge into contemporary healthcare, additional clinical research, standardization, and safety evaluations are required. This review highlights the traditional uses, phytochemical constituents, and pharmacological activities of medicinal plants employed in the treatment of urinary tract disorders, emphasizing their potential as sources for novel therapeutic agents.
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