Recent Advances in Evaluation of Alcoholism in Rodents - A Review

Jayshree V. Patil; Dr. Shilpa A. Deshpande; Jayshree Aate

doi:10.61280/journalmedicinalplants.v1i3.218

Jayshree V. Patil Priyadarshani J. L. College of Pharmacy, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
Dr. Shilpa A. Deshpande Priyadarshani J. L. College of Pharmacy Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
Jayshree Aate VIVA Institute of Pharmacy Virar , Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61280/journalmedicinalplants.v1i3.218

Keywords:

Alcohol use disorder, Rodent models, Optogenetics, Chemogenetics, Fibre photometry, Neuroimmune, Gut microbiome

Abstract

Rodent models remain central to mechanistic studies of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Over the last decade major methodological advances -refinements of voluntary intake paradigms (intermittent access two-bottle choice, drinking-in-the-dark), dependence induction (chronic intermittent ethanol vapor and newer voluntary vapor paradigms), and operant self-administration — have improved face and construct validity. Parallel technological progress (optogenetics, chemo genetics/DREADDs, fibre photometry, in vivo calcium imaging, and single-cell transcriptomics) now allows circuit- and cell-type-specific evaluation of alcohol drinking, withdrawal, and relapse-like behaviours. Emerging evidence also highlights the role of neuroimmune signalling and the gut microbiome in modulating alcohol intake and related behaviours, opening new biomarker and interventional avenues. This review synthesizes recent methodological and conceptual advances and discusses limitations and translational considerations.

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