Hypertension: A Review of Disease Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management

Abstract

Hypertension is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease and premature death Worldwide. Owing to the wide spread use of an anti-hypertension medication, global means blood pressure. The Hypertension has increased especially in low and middle income countries (LMIC) Variations in levels of risk factors for hypertension such as high sodium intake, low potassium intake, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity and unhealthy diet ,may act as some of the regional cause of hypertension. Understanding the epidemiology of hypertension will significantly reduce the burden of associated illness and mortality. Initiatives such as the National High Blood Pressure Education Program (NHBPEP) have significantly reduced the morbidity and mortality associated with hypertension in the United States by raising knowledge of the condition from 51% between 1976 and 1980 to 70% between 1999 and 2000. Age-adjusted stroke mortality rates have decreased by almost 60% since 1972, while coronary heart disease death rates have decreased by roughly 50%. It is anticipated that the WHO's recent efforts to combat non-communicable diseases would reduce the number of high blood pressure-related illnesses and fatalities worldwide.